Cervical cancer, a common form of cancer, arises when abnormal cells grow in the cervix’s lining. Early symptoms include pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding (between periods or after intercourse), lower abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea, and weight loss.

What is HPV?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, responsible for over 19% of cases globally. Among its many subtypes, HPV 16 and 18 contribute to approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. These high-risk strains of HPV can cause persistent infections that lead to cancer over time.

How does HPV cause cervical cancer?

HPV infection typically starts with pre-cancerous changes in cervical cells. If untreated, these changes can progress to cervical cancer over 10-15 years. Early detection is possible through Pap smears or HPV tests. Timely intervention during the pre-cancerous stage can prevent the development of cervical cancer.

HPV Symptoms and Immune Response

While HPV is widespread, most infections are mild and cleared by the immune system without causing harm. However, high-risk HPV subtypes can cause persistent infections, increasing the risk of cancer. Individuals who are sexually active are more prone to contracting HPV.

Effectiveness of the HPV Vaccine

The HPV vaccines, including Gardasil 9, Gardasil 4, and an Indian vaccine, are highly effective in preventing high-risk HPV infections. The vaccine is recommended for girls and boys starting from 9-12 years of age, with catch-up vaccination available up to 45 years. It protects against HPV-related cancers, including cervical, penile, anal, and oral cancers. Vaccinating men also contributes to herd immunity and reduces the spread of HPV.

Prevention of Cervical Cancer

  • Regular Screening: Liquid-based cytology and HPV testing can detect early dysplasia (pre-cancerous changes), enabling early intervention.
  • HPV Vaccination: Administering the vaccine significantly reduces the risk of developing high-risk HPV-related cancers.
  • Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, practicing safe sex, and avoiding smoking can further reduce risks.

Are all HPV subtypes dangerous?

No, not all HPV strains are high-risk. Of the over 200 HPV types, only 14 are considered high-risk for cancer. Low-risk strains are generally associated with genital warts but do not cause cancer.

By combining vaccination, routine screening, and early intervention, cervical cancer can largely be prevented.

Disclaimer:

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a health advice. We would ask you to consult a qualified professional or medical expert to gain additional knowledge before you choose to consume any product or perform any exercise.

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